Data centre water treatment that cuts cooling water and cost, without touching uptime.
Cooling, not compute, is where a third of your energy, most of your controllable water and the second most common cause of outages all sit, and it is under growing public scrutiny in water-stressed regions.
We treat cooling water as a cost-and-risk control point, not a recurring compliance line. We cut the water and energy it consumes and harden Legionella and biofilm control to ACOP L8 and HSG274, while protecting the reliability your operation is measured on. One accountable owner of cost, risk and reuse, with no chemistry lock-in.
Independently verified: cooling-tower bioload brought from 600 to 0 cfu/g in four days, confirmed by a UKAS-accredited laboratory.
In short
What is data centre water treatment?
Data centre water treatment is the management of cooling-water chemistry, recovery and disinfection across cooling towers and condenser-water loops, so a facility uses less water and energy, keeps Legionella and biofilm under compliant control, and protects uptime. The strongest approaches cut makeup water and cost while evidencing every result independently.
Cutting the makeup water cooling draws, where most UK capacity sits in water-stressed regions
Taking energy out of cooling, the largest overhead above the compute load
Controlling Legionella and biofilm in cooling towers to ACOP L8 and HSG274
Running cooling water harder per cycle without scaling, fouling or corrosion risk
Protecting uptime, since cooling failure is a top cause of impactful outages
Producing the reportable water and energy data the disclosure regimes expect
The challenge
Your cooling water is a cost centre, a compliance risk and an outage risk at once
In a data centre the overriding fear is anything that touches uptime, so cooling water is run by an incumbent regime no one revisits, even as its cost and its risk rise.
Cooling, not the servers, is where the controllable cost sits. At a typical efficiency, around a third of total facility energy is overhead, dominated by cooling, and cooling failure is the second most common cause of impactful outages, more than half of which now cost over 100,000 dollars each.
Water has become the public problem. Most new UK capacity is planned for the most water-stressed parts of the country, and 84% of water-intensive proposed developments sit in areas already short of water or projected to be by 2040. Operators are increasingly asked to justify their water draw at the planning stage, in public, and to report it under tightening disclosure regimes.
Wet cooling towers sit in the highest Legionella risk category by design, under ACOP L8 and HSG274. Yet the water-treatment regime is usually an annual compliance contract no one wants to touch, because changing it feels like risking uptime, so the cost and the water keep climbing and no one is asked to own all three together.
How it works
How we cut cooling water and cost without putting uptime in question
We make cooling water a single, accountable control point for cost, compliance and reliability, and we de-risk the change before we make it.
We reduce the water and energy your cooling consumes, by recovering and reusing more of it and running it harder per cycle, and we strengthen Legionella and biofilm control to ACOP L8 and HSG274 rather than weaken it. Because we are technology-agnostic, there is no single-supplier chemistry lock-in, and the same water you already move can be a source of recovered energy.
Uptime comes first. We preserve or improve cooling reliability and compliance as the precondition, not the trade, work on the live system without taking it offline, and prove the result before extending it. Every result is verified by an independent or accredited laboratory, so it stands up to an asset review, a planning question or a water disclosure. One accountable owner carries cost, risk and reuse together, which is the question the fragmented incumbents are never asked.
What it delivers
Less water, lower cost, hardened risk, uptime protected
Cost
Cut the water your cooling consumes
Recover and reuse more cooling water and run it harder per cycle, so the makeup water and the bill both fall, in the water-stressed regions where draw is now under public scrutiny.
Cost
Take energy out of cooling
Reduce the energy cooling consumes, the largest overhead above the compute load, and recover energy from the water you already move through the facility.
Risk
Harden Legionella and biofilm control
Bring cooling-tower and condenser-water pathogen and biofilm risk under reliable, compliant control to ACOP L8 and HSG274, the highest-risk water on the site.
Risk
Protect uptime, not just compliance
Cooling failure is a top cause of outages. We strengthen reliability and control as the precondition of any change, never the trade for a saving.
Cost
One owner of cost, risk and reuse
Replace the compliance contractor, the cooling vendor and the energy bolt-on with a single accountable owner of the whole cooling-water outcome, with no chemistry lock-in.
Obligation
Evidence your water and carbon position
Produce the reportable water and energy data the disclosure regimes, and increasingly the planners, expect, from water and energy efficiency to mandatory water reporting.
Evidence
Validated in accredited testing on the same cooling water
The hardest part of a data centre to change, proven on a live cooling-water system.
0 cfu/gCooling-tower bioload eliminated in four days where conventional dosing had failed for years, confirmed by a UKAS-accredited laboratory
6 of 6Cooling-water test sites brought from fail to pass on water-safety compliance, confirmed by a UKAS-accredited laboratory
ZeroLegionella, E. coli and coliforms in the treated cooling-water system, confirmed by a UKAS-accredited laboratory
Reference sites
Proven on the cooling water, where uptime is won or lost
Cooling water
A cooling-tower system brought to zero pathogens in four days
On a recurring cooling-water pathogen problem that conventional dosing had failed to fix for years, bioload fell from 600 to 0 cfu/g across every test point. Legionella, E. coli and coliforms were eliminated, confirmed by a UKAS-accredited laboratory, and held on routine maintenance dosing.
Compliance
Six of six cooling-water sites from fail to pass
Every test point on the treated cooling-water system moved from fail to pass on water-safety compliance, confirmed by a UKAS-accredited laboratory, and the operator extended the approach across the wider water network.
Water recovery
More cooling water recovered, less drawn
Running cooling water harder per cycle and recovering more of it reduces the makeup water a facility draws and the volume it discharges, the water that matters most in a stressed catchment. We quantify the recovery for your site.
Compliance
The compliance you carry
The UK environmental and safety duties that commonly reach data centre water treatment. Open any one for what it requires, the deadlines, what is at stake, and how to evidence control. Every entry is sourced.
ACoP L8RiskObligationLegionella control in water systems (ACoP L8 and HSG274)
What you must doAppoint a competent Responsible Person, assess the risk in writing, put a control scheme in place, monitor it, and keep records. A court can treat failure to follow the ACoP as evidence of breaking the law.
Applies toAny business with a water system that could create a risk of exposure to Legionella: hot and cold water services, cooling towers, spa pools, calorifiers and more.
When it bitesContinuously, wherever a water system could let Legionella grow and create breathable droplets.
DeadlinesOngoing (continuous duty)
What is at stakeProsecution under the Health and Safety at Work Act with unlimited fines. One spa-pool outbreak that caused three deaths led to a fine of GBP 1,000,000.
How to evidence itA current written risk assessment, up-to-date monitoring and temperature records, and, increasingly, independent laboratory verification that the system is under control.
Legal basisHealth and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (s2 and s3) and COSHH 2002, with the Approved Code of Practice L8 (special legal status) and HSG274. Issued by Health and Safety Executive.
Turn a continuous, personal Legionella duty into a defensible compliance file, with waterborne risk brought under control and independently confirmed.
Cooling towersRiskObligationCostCooling towers and evaporative condensers (HSG274 Part 1 and the 1992 Notification Regulations)
What you must doNotify the local authority of the device, then assess and control the Legionella risk under a written control scheme with monitoring and records.
Applies toOperators of wet cooling towers and evaporative condensers, including many data centres, hospitals, large commercial sites and industrial plant.
When it bitesOn operating any wet cooling system, which must be notified to the local authority and managed to HSG274 Part 1.
DeadlinesOngoing (continuous duty); notify on installation or change
What is at stakeEnforced under the Health and Safety at Work Act with unlimited fines; non-notification is itself an offence.
How to evidence itLocal-authority notification on record, a current risk assessment, treatment and monitoring records, and independent confirmation the system is in control.
Legal basisNotification of Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers Regulations 1992, with ACoP L8 and HSG274 Part 1. Issued by Health and Safety Executive / local authority.
Harden cooling-tower Legionella control and cut the water and chemicals it burns, without touching uptime.
EPR 2016ObligationRiskCostEnvironmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016
What you must doHold the correct permit or registered exemption and operate within its conditions, applying best available techniques where required, with records and reporting.
Applies toOperators of regulated facilities: installations, waste operations, water-discharge and groundwater activities, and certain air-emission activities.
When it bitesBefore carrying on a regulated activity, such as discharging to controlled waters or operating combustion or waste plant.
DeadlinesOngoing (permit precedes the activity)
What is at stakePollution offences carry unlimited fines and up to five years' imprisonment. Civil sanctions include variable monetary penalties, which became unlimited when the previous GBP 250,000 cap was removed in December 2023.
How to evidence itThe correct permit in force, monitoring to its conditions, an environmental management system, and an incident log.
Legal basisEnvironmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 (SI 2016/1154), as amended. Issued by Environment Agency / Natural Resources Wales / local authorities.
Stay inside permit conditions and reduce the load your processes put to water and air, lowering both risk and cost.
Oil Storage 2001ObligationRiskControl of Pollution (Oil Storage) (England) Regulations 2001
What you must doKeep oil in robust containers within secondary containment holding at least 110% of the maximum capacity, inspected and maintained to prevent leaks and water pollution.
Applies toAnyone in England storing more than 200 litres of oil, including sites with standby generators, heating oil or bulk storage.
When it bitesOn storing oil above the 200-litre threshold in tanks, drums or mobile bowsers.
DeadlinesOngoing (in force since 1 March 2002)
What is at stakeEnforced by the Environment Agency through remedial notices, civil sanctions and prosecution, with offences punishable by fine.
How to evidence itCompliant bunding, inspection records, and a maintained pollution-prevention plan.
Legal basisControl of Pollution (Oil Storage) (England) Regulations 2001 (SI 2001/2954). Issued by Environment Agency.
What you must doAudit total energy use across buildings, processes and transport, identify cost-effective savings, and report compliance, with an action plan and progress updates.
Applies toLarge undertakings that meet the size threshold (broadly large companies and groups).
When it bitesEvery four-year compliance phase, on qualifying organisations.
DeadlinesPhase 4 compliance by 5 December 2027; four-yearly thereafter
What is at stakeCivil penalties from the Environment Agency for failing to comply or report.
How to evidence itA completed ESOS assessment, a board-signed-off report, an action plan, and progress against it.
Legal basisThe Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme Regulations 2014 (as amended). Issued by Environment Agency.
Turn the audit you must do anyway into delivered savings, by cutting the energy your water, air and process systems burn.
Heat networksObligationCostHeat networks regulation (Ofgem authorisation) and metering and billing
What you must doHold an Ofgem authorisation, register, and comply with conditions on billing, consumer protection and metering.
Applies toOperators and owners of district and communal heating or cooling networks, including large estates, mixed-use developments, campuses and social housing.
When it bitesOn carrying on a regulated heat-network activity.
DeadlinesAuthorisation conditions in effect from 27 January 2026
What is at stakeEnforced by Ofgem, which can issue compliance and consumer-redress orders, impose financial penalties, and revoke an authorisation.
How to evidence itOfgem authorisation and registration, compliant metering, and billing that meets the conditions.
Legal basisEnergy Act 2023 and the Heat Networks (Market Framework) (Great Britain) Regulations 2025, replacing the Heat Network (Metering and Billing) Regulations 2014. Issued by Ofgem / Gas and Electricity Markets Authority.
DC reportingObligationCostData centre energy and water reporting (CCA, ESOS and EU EED)
What you must doMeet the Climate Change Agreement target (14.5% energy improvement against 2022 by 2030), complete ESOS, and report PUE and WUE where the EU Energy Efficiency Directive applies.
Applies toData centre operators, with extra reporting where operations are EU-facing above 500 kW IT load.
When it bitesAcross the energy and water performance of the facility, against agreement and reporting obligations.
What is at stakeLoss of Climate Change Agreement relief, and civil penalties under ESOS, for non-compliance.
How to evidence itMetered PUE and WUE, energy-improvement evidence against the 2022 baseline, and a completed ESOS assessment.
Legal basisClimate Change Agreement for data centres, ESOS, and EU Energy Efficiency Directive reporting (for in-scope EU-facing operations). Issued by DESNZ / techUK; Environment Agency; European Commission.
Cut the cost and water your cooling burns and report stronger PUE and WUE, without touching uptime.
MCPDObligationCostMedium Combustion Plant Directive and Specified Generators
What you must doHold the right permit, meet emission limits for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust, and monitor and report emissions.
Applies toOperators of medium combustion plant rated 1 to 50 MW thermal, including boilers, engines, CHP and standby or peaking generators.
When it bitesOn operating an in-scope plant, with permitting and emission limits phased by size and age.
DeadlinesExisting plant: 2024 for above 5 MW, 2029 for 1 to 5 MW; new plant before operation
What is at stakeEnforced under the Environmental Permitting Regulations, with unlimited fines and civil sanctions.
How to evidence itThe permit in force, emission monitoring to its limits, and maintenance records.
Legal basisMedium Combustion Plant and Specified Generator provisions of the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016 (transposing Directive (EU) 2015/2193). Issued by Environment Agency / Natural Resources Wales.
SECR / SRSObligationSECR and UK Sustainability Reporting Standards disclosure
What you must doReport energy use and carbon emissions, with intensity metrics and efficiency actions, moving toward full climate-related financial disclosure.
Applies toLarge companies and LLPs, with broader climate disclosure phasing in.
When it bitesAnnually, in the directors' report and, increasingly, in fuller climate disclosure.
DeadlinesAnnual; UK SRS climate disclosure phasing from FY2026
What is at stakeSits within company reporting law; misstatement and omission carry governance and reputational consequences.
How to evidence itAuditable energy and carbon data, a clear methodology, and a record of the efficiency actions reported.
Legal basisStreamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (Companies regulations) moving to UK Sustainability Reporting Standards based on ISSB. Issued by UK Government / Department for Business and Trade.
Report with confidence and show real reductions, as the cost and carbon of your estate fall.
UK ETSObligationCostUK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS)
What you must doHold a greenhouse gas emissions permit, monitor and report verified emissions each year, and surrender allowances equal to those emissions.
Applies toOperators of installations combusting fuels above 20 MW thermal, energy-intensive industry, aviation, and larger sites with significant standby generation.
When it bitesAnnually, on in-scope installations, to monitor, report and surrender allowances.
DeadlinesAnnual compliance cycle; second allocation period from 2027
What is at stakeCivil penalties under the scheme: an excess emissions penalty of GBP 100 for each allowance not surrendered (uprated for inflation, with the allowances still falling due), a GBP 20,000 fixed penalty plus GBP 1,000 a day for failing to return allowances, and an under-reporting penalty based on the annual carbon price.
How to evidence itA current emissions permit, a verified annual emissions report, and surrendered allowances on record.
Legal basisThe Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Order 2020 (as amended), under the Climate Change Act 2008. Issued by UK ETS Authority / Environment Agency.
What you must doCarry out regular leak checks, use certified technicians, keep records, and observe bans on high global-warming-potential refrigerants, including the 2025 bans on certain new air-conditioning and on virgin HFCs for servicing.
Applies toOperators of stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning, heat-pump and fire-protection equipment containing fluorinated gases.
When it bitesOn owning, operating, installing, servicing or disposing of F-gas equipment above charge thresholds.
What is at stakeEnforced by the Environment Agency for breaches of leak-check, record and refrigerant rules.
How to evidence itLeak-check records at the right intervals, certified-technician records, and a refrigerant inventory.
Legal basisRetained Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 as it applies in GB, with the Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2015 for enforcement. Issued by Environment Agency / Defra.
Duty of careObligationRiskWaste duty of care, the waste hierarchy and hazardous waste
What you must doStore waste securely, transfer it only to authorised persons with the correct transfer or consignment notes, and apply the waste hierarchy of prevent, reuse, recycle, recover, dispose.
Applies toEffectively every commercial and industrial operator that produces, holds, carries or transfers controlled waste.
When it bitesContinuously, whenever waste is held or transferred; hazardous waste triggers extra duties.
DeadlinesOngoing (continuous duty)
What is at stakeBreach of the duty of care is an offence with an unlimited fine on conviction.
How to evidence itWaste transfer and consignment notes, evidence the carrier and destination are authorised, and a record of how the hierarchy is applied.
Legal basisEnvironmental Protection Act 1990, s34; the Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011; the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005. Issued by Environment Agency / Defra.
What you must doSeparate food waste, dry mixed recycling and residual waste for collection; food waste cannot go through macerators or enzyme digesters.
Applies toAll workplaces in England, starting with those that have 10 or more employees.
When it bitesFrom 31 March 2025 for workplaces with 10 or more employees, and from 31 March 2027 for micro-firms.
Deadlines31 March 2025 (10 or more employees); 31 March 2027 (micro-firms)
What is at stakeEnforced by the Environment Agency through compliance notices, with failure to comply with a notice an offence; there is no single published penalty figure.
How to evidence itSeparate collection arrangements in place, with waste transfer documentation reflecting the streams.
Legal basisEnvironment Act 2021 waste reforms, implemented through duties on businesses under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Issued by Defra / Environment Agency.
BNGObligationCostBiodiversity Net Gain (10% BNG)
What you must doDeliver a minimum 10% measurable gain in biodiversity through on-site habitat, off-site units or statutory credits, secured and maintained for at least 30 years, with a Biodiversity Gain Plan.
Applies toDevelopers requiring planning permission in England, with limited exemptions for very small and certain householder works.
When it bitesOn most developments: from 12 February 2024 for major sites and 2 April 2024 for small sites.
DeadlinesMajor from 12 February 2024; small from 2 April 2024; 30-year maintenance
What is at stakeEnforced through the planning system: a non-compliant scheme can be refused, and breaches are handled by planning enforcement. There is no separate BNG penalty regime.
How to evidence itA metric-based Biodiversity Gain Plan, secured habitat or purchased units, and a 30-year management and monitoring commitment.
Legal basisEnvironment Act 2021 (Schedule 14, inserting Schedule 7A into the Town and Country Planning Act 1990) and the BNG Regulations 2024. Issued by Natural England / local planning authorities / Defra.
CNIRiskObligationCritical National Infrastructure designation (data centres)
What you must doMeet heightened resilience and incident-mitigation expectations, where the cost of an availability failure is higher than ever.
Applies toData centre operators whose availability is treated as nationally critical.
When it bitesOn designated infrastructure, raising resilience and incident-mitigation expectations.
DeadlinesIn force (designated 2024)
What is at stakeReputational and operational consequences of resilience failure, alongside other applicable duties.
How to evidence itResilience plans, tested incident response, and assured continuity of critical systems including cooling.
Legal basisCritical National Infrastructure designation for data centres (September 2024). Issued by DSIT / Cabinet Office.
Harden the resilience of critical cooling and water systems without trading away efficiency or uptime.
Uptime first, compliance preserved, savings second
The decisive question in any data centre is the right one: will this put availability at risk? If the answer is anything but a clear no, nothing else matters.
So we start there. We preserve or improve cooling reliability and ACOP L8 compliance as the precondition of any change, prove it on one system before extending, and only then bank the water and energy savings on top. We are technology-agnostic, so there is no single-supplier chemistry lock-in, and you keep one accountable owner of cost, risk and reuse rather than a compliance contractor who owns the chemistry but not the cost. We lead with the engineering outcome, not a headline percentage your team would rightly distrust.
Reliability and compliance preserved as the precondition, never the trade.
Questions answered
What is data centre water treatment?
It is the management of cooling-water chemistry, recovery and disinfection across cooling towers and condenser-water loops, so a facility uses less water and energy, keeps Legionella and biofilm under compliant control, and protects uptime. The strongest approaches cut makeup water and cost while evidencing every result independently.
How do you reduce a data centre's water use (WUE)?
Water usage effectiveness improves when you recover and reuse more cooling water and run it harder per cycle, so the makeup water you draw and the volume you discharge both fall. That matters most in the water-stressed regions where most UK capacity is being built. We quantify the reduction for your site rather than quote a generic figure.
How do you control Legionella in cooling towers?
Wet cooling towers sit in the highest Legionella risk category by design, so control must be hardened, not relaxed. We strengthen pathogen and biofilm control on cooling towers and condenser water to ACOP L8 and HSG274, and produce the verified evidence your duty-holder and inspections require.
What are cycles of concentration?
Cycles of concentration describe how many times cooling water is recirculated and evaporated before it is bled off as blowdown. Running more cycles means less makeup water and less discharge, but it concentrates the chemistry, so it only saves water safely when scaling, corrosion and biofilm stay under reliable control. We set the safe operating point for your system.
What are a data centre's water and energy reporting obligations?
Larger facilities face tightening disclosure on water and energy performance, including water usage effectiveness, energy efficiency and overall water draw, alongside planning-stage scrutiny of water use. We produce the reportable water and energy data those regimes and planners expect, so the position you disclose is measured, not estimated.
Can you reduce water use without putting uptime at risk?
Yes. Cooling failure is a top cause of impactful outages, so we preserve or improve reliability and ACOP L8 compliance as the precondition of any change, prove it on one system before extending, and only then bank the water and energy savings on top.
Is the evidence independent?
Yes. On a live cooling-water system, bioload was brought from 600 to 0 cfu/g in four days and six of six test sites moved from fail to pass, all confirmed by a UKAS-accredited laboratory. We do not quote vendor percentages; we assess your cooling water and give you a figure tied to your facility.
Tell us where cooling cost, water draw or compliance risk sits hardest. We will assess one system and show you the outcome, with uptime protected, before you commit.